Posted: February 15, 2024 Read time: 20 mins
Entering the world of motorsport brings many new and exciting challenges, not least being able to understand what people are saying to you. There are so many new words and phrases to understand, not to mention all those three-letter acronyms!
No need to worry, though. In this glossary, we've given you what you need to feel included in the conversation, and have organised the information in three easy-to-use sections:
• Circuit and racing
• Vehicle - general
• Vehicle suspension and dynamics
This is a glossary of all the major terms you are likely to need during your first year of racing.
If you wish to read more about a particular technique, select terms include 'read more' links. These will guide you to a relevant article.
Ready to take the next step? Our Race Academy brings genuine vehicle dynamics knowledge & motorsport experience, optimising machine & human performance. Fusing for proven faster laps & competitive runs. Click here to find out more or continue reading for the glossary.
Intentionally braking to slow a following vehicle; viewed as unsporting.
Expansive area used to assemble vehicles prior to the start of a race.
Laps driven below race speed, to cool vehicle components before coming to a stop.
Did not finish.
Did not qualify.
Did not start.
Following a vehicle closely to gain a speed advantage via reduction of drag and by exploiting the competitor vehicle’s slip stream.
Line on a wet circuit that dries, due to the passage of vehicles.
A line marking the location of the finish of a race - this can be in a different place to the start line.
Unforeseeable circumstances that prevent an activity/event from happening.
Warm-up lap prior to race start, carried out at sub race speed to assemble vehicles and warm components, such as brakes and tyres.
Fastest time of day.
Operation of the throttle and brake pedals simultaneously with the right foot, while facilitating normal activation of the clutch with the left foot. It is used when braking and downshifting simultaneously (prior
to entering a corner), and allows the driver to ‘blip’ the throttle to raise the engine speed and smoothly engage the lower gear.
Worn on a driver’s wrist and used in endurance racing to register when individual drivers enter and leave circuit.
An exploratory single lap used to assess a vehicle’s integrity and the function of all components and systems.
Raised area of circuit extremities indicating entry, apex and exit of corners.
Randomly shaped pieces of discarded tyre debris that collect off the racing line while racing.
The maximum sound limit accepted from a vehicle.
A secure area used to isolate vehicles from competitors for postrace scrutineering.
Personal best.
Rectangular area painted outside and in front of pit garage.
Maximum speed for a vehicle driving in the pit lane.
Access road used to gain entry onto and off the racing circuit.
A prescribed time in a race when vehicles are permitted to enter the pit lane for driver changes and refuelling.
Fastest line around a circuit. Read more
Serrated area of kerb designed to deter drivers from exceeding track limits.
An area of solid surface to escape and recover to when forced offline or when overdriving.
Heavily raised area of kerb, designed to deter drivers from exceeding track limits.
A line marking the location of the start of a race.
Sensors positioned on the ground on corners beyond track limits to alert officials of rule infringements.
Defined areas of tarmac and kerbing that drivers can legitimately use.
A small radio device attached to a race car that emits a signal and is used to register laps driven for timing and official purposes.
Laps driven below race speed, to warm vehicle components to their operating temperature.
A random/experimental line found off the racing line used by drivers, away from slippery impregnated rubber and chemicals. Read more
Means of adjusting brake line pressure to front and rear brakes.
Local air temperature.
A short burst of throttle to raise engine RPM when changing down to a lower gear in a manual gearbox. Applied automatically via the engine electronic control unit (ECU). Replaces heel and toe. Read more
External and internal means of isolating battery power.
The tyre or tyres designated for a championship or series.
Dog teeth (look like a dog’s ears) are used to engage and lock selected gear. Stronger and mechanically more efficient than synchromesh cones found in road vehicles.
A downward lift force created by the design of a vehicle and/or additional wings and appendages attached to the body. Read more
Engine oil is housed in a remote sump, independent of the engine assembly. Dry sump systems eradicate oil starvation to the engine when braking and cornering with higher forces, when compared with driving on the road.
Adjustment is carried out at the buckle end of the belt, assisting ease of adjustment when driver changing.
A method of gear changing used in a manual transmission to reduce the time where the driven wheels are not powered. Read more
Positioned on the lower front valance edge of a racing car. An aerodynamic aid designed to increase front end downforce and used to aid aerodynamic balance when rear wings are fitted. Read more
Typically, six-point mounting seat belts and safer than a lap and diagonal belt, so that forces in a crash are distributed more evenly through the body. Driver is held in seat precisely, reducing the potential for
spinal and skeletal injuries. Assists in car control, as driver is fully secured in their seat by the harness.
Full-harness belts with two-inch wide shoulder belts, allowing belts to correctly fit in horseshoe style HANS guides. Historically shoulder straps are three inches wide. Read more
Increase in temperature experienced by a vehicle when stationary immediately after use.
Constructed using methods and in sizes from earlier periods of motorsport, such as the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.
To ensure parts do not exceed their durable life, usually measured in hours.
A device that limits wheel spin when driven wheels lose grip as power is applied. Read more
Liquid added to fuel to increase octane rating.
Fuel purchased from a fuel station.
Has higher boiling point than road-based brake fluid. Read more
Fuel purchased from a specialist supplier with a higher-octane rating and additional additives compared with pump fuel.
A tyre designed specifically for motorsport and which is not legal on the road.
A branded tyre designed for road and circuit use that meets safety legislation.
A straight cut dog manual gearbox, where gears are by design mechanically selected in order. Read more
Generic term for an open wheel Formula racing car with one seat.
A tyre with a smooth tread surface - designed to be driven on dry surfaces.
Open-top vehicle with the ability to take a passenger.
Gears cut in a straight form, absorbing less power and more efficient in use than helical cut gears.
A vernacular term for a car with a roof.
Surface temperature of circuit tarmac.
Describes the variation in materials used to create the surface that is in contact with the road. Soft compound = more grip with higher wear rates; hard compound = less grip with longer life. Read more
A thermal performance loss when tyre is used outside of its ideal operating temperature, resulting in a reduction in performance.
When tyre tread separates from the tyre carcass.
Management of tyre temperature and pressures to optimise grip and tyre life.
A liquid applied to a tyre’s tread surface to chemically soften the surface materials to increase grip.
Engine oil is housed in a sump bolted directly to and underneath the engine assembly.
A soft compound treaded tyre used on wet surfaces when slicks are not suitable. Read more
Aerodynamic aid used to increase down force, designed as an inverted aeroplane wing that can be fitted to both front and rear.
An adjustment facility to enable the suspension to be optimised to the circuit, surface and driver’s technique. Read more
A torsion spring bar designed to reduce body roll, often adjustable in stiffness on the racing car.
Adjustment of suspension’s unsprung weight, including the wheel, hub assembly and spring.
Increase in camber angle in relation to the vertical deflection of the suspension. Read more
When viewing a vehicle from the front, top of wheel leaning in = negative camber. Top of wheel leaning out = positive camber.
When viewing a vehicle from the side, the angular measurement fore and aft the steering axis is to the vertical.
Adjustment of a vehicles suspension to achieve an even weight balance diagonally corner to corner and where possible side to side.
A rubber cushion positioned radially on the shock absorber shaft, often referred to as a secondary spring, and that works only when the damper is approaching or fully compressed.
Left hand front.
Left hand rear.
Suspension bushes designed to increase the performance of suspension components dynamically.
Vehicle attitude when viewed from the side, created by raising the rear of the vehicle in relation to the front, or lowering the front of the vehicle in relation to the rear.
Adjustment of the speed at which suspension extends after being compressed.
Right hand front.
Right hand rear.
The distance between the lowest part of a vehicle and the ground.
The amount of weight needed to compress a spring and measured in inches or millimetres of compression.
The geometric alignment of a vehicle’s road wheels expressed in lengths and angles. Read more
Movement of the suspension when excited by road surfaces, when cornering, braking and accelerating.
Measurement of distance between suspension fully compressed and fully extended.
Across one axle the front edges of the wheels are closer together than the rear. Read more
Across one axle the rear edges of the wheels are closer together than the front. Read more
Colin's Motorsport Glossary was originally featured in CAT's 'How to Start Racing Guide.' To understand what is involved to start your own motor racing journey, click here to purchase your copy.
Call: 01234 757 633
Email: info@catdrivertraining.co.uk
CAT Driver Training is the fast way to develop & improve authentic dynamic driving skill, technique & knowledge from the Best. OEM recognised driver training for individuals & the motor industry. As the leading UK based independent advanced performance driving skills company, we exist to make your driving experience even better. Explore your cars potential, fulfill your own. Coaching advanced road & track skills, safety driver training courses for individual driving enthusiasts & advanced driving for all facets of the motor industry. The only training company resident within UTAC's Millbrook Proving Ground in Bedfordshire, within easy reach of London, & all surrounding counties: Hertfordshire; Buckinghamshire; Oxfordshire; Nottinghamshire; Cambridgeshire; Norfolk; Suffolk; Essex; & Surrey. Clients travel from the World over & the UK to learn from the authentic evidence based dynamic driving & vehicle dynamic experts. | All Rights Reserved | Copyright 2005 – 2024
Some of the links we use are affiliate links. This means that, at no cost to you, CAT will earn an affiliate commission if you click through the link and finalise a purchase.
Designed by WHP
Coded and built by Prominent Media